Jules Sébastien César Dumont d'Urville (23 May 1790 – 8 May 1842) was a French explorer, naval officer and rear admiral, who explored the south and western Pacific, Australia, New Zealand and Antarctica. He visited the Pacific on a voyage round the world in 1826-1829, and published a comparative study of six Austronesian languages: Malagasy, Malay, Māori, Tongan, Tahitian, and Hawaiian, using predominately published sources. The following is a translation of the section regarding Hawaiian in the text accompanying his Vocabulary:Our resources for the dialect of Hawaii or the Sandwich Islands were much more limited. We had to content ourselves with what we found in Anderson's vocabulary, and a number of words collected and disclosed by Mr. Gaimard. In poring carefully over the narration of Ellis on his stay in Hawaii, we were able to add another hundred of so words to the first list, and to verify those from other sources.1(1Not long ago we were shown a fairly extensive Hawaiian vocabulary, but we were not allowed to make use of it, which would have otherwise allowed us to complete the Hawaiian list in our comparative vocabulary. This is all the more unfortunate because the person who collected the vocabulary does not seem willing to publish it himself. So we must therefore wait until the English Missionaries finally provide what they have long promised.) "Observations on the dialects of the Polynesian Language", pp. 265-66. (original text below) |
| num. | list word | modern Hawaiian | list gloss | French |
|---|
| 1. | Hi, i | i | to, toward | A |
| 2. | Hanau | hānau | give birth | Accoucher |
| 3. | Haha | hana | action | Action |
| 4. | Pihi | pili | adhere | Adhérer |
| 5. | Porori | pōloli | famished | Affamé |
| 6. | Aroha | aloha | like, love | Aimer |
| 7. | Pela | pēlā | thus | Ainsi |
| 8. | Makani | makani | air, wind | Air |
| 9. | Here | hele | to go | Aller |
| 10. | Ouna, ava | ___, ʻawa | bitter | Amer |
| 11. | Oha | hoa | friend | Ami |
| 12. | Koumou | ? kumu ('base, bottom, source') | anus | Anus |
| 13. | Rahau | lāʻau | tree | Arbre |
| 14. | Houtihouti | hukihuki | pull out, tear out | Arracher |
| 15. | Noho | noho | sit | Asseoir(s') |
| 16. | Atira | ? a kena ('until quenched') | enough | Assez |
| 17. | Aria | alia | to wait | Attendre |
| 18. | Paha | ? paʻa* | blind | Aveugle |
|
| 19. | Ohe | ʻohe | bamboo | Bambou |
| 20. | Oumi oumi | ʻumiʻumi | beard | Barbe |
| 21. | Pepehi | pepehi | to beat | Battre |
| 22. | Nouï | nui | much, plenty, lots | Beaucoup |
| 23. | Teou teou, keo keo, kea | keʻokeʻo | white | Blanc |
| 24. | Nakea | ___ | white men | Blancs (hommes) |
| 25. | Inou | inu | to drink | Boire |
| 26. | Rahau | lāʻau | wood, forest | Bois |
| 27. | Maï, taï | maikaʻi | good | Bon |
| 28. | Waha | waha | mouth | Bouche |
| 29. | Houna | hūnā | to hide | Cacher |
| 30. | Marie | mālie | calm, quiet | Calme |
| 31. | Lae | lae | promontory, headland | Cap, pointe |
| 32. | Maro | malo ('loincloth') | belt | Ceinture |
| 33. | Tera | kēlā | that | Cela |
| 34. | Raau | lau ('four hundred') | one hundred | Cent |
| 35. | Hoïa | hoʻi | certainly | Certainement |
| 36. | Meri | mele | to sing | Chanter |
| 37. | Papale | pāpale | hat | Chapeau |
| 38. | Vera | wela | hot | Chaud |
| 39. | Eri, alihi, kanakira | aliʻi, ___ | high chief | Chef, grand |
| 40. | La wouhou, oho | lauoho, oho | hair | Cheveux |
| 41. | Ilio | ʻīlio | dog | Chien |
| 42. | Mea | mea | thing | Chose |
| 43. | Rani, lani | lani | sky, heaven | Ciel |
| 44. | Rima | lima | five | Cinq |
| 45. | Niau | niu / nīʻau ('midrib of frond') | coconut | Coco (noix) |
| 46. | Naho | naʻau | heart | Coeur |
| 47. | Toura | kaula | rope | Corde |
| 48. | Kino | kino | body, trunk | Corps, tronc |
| 49. | Aï | ʻāʻī | neck | Cou |
| 50. | Ibou | ipu | cup | Coupe, tasse |
| 51. | Oti | ʻoki | cut | Couper |
| 52. | Rere | ? lele ('jump, fly') | to run | Courir |
| 53. | Tipi | ? kipi ('to dig with sharp tool') | knife | Couteau |
| 54. | Opaï | ʻōpae | crab | Crabe |
| 55. | Oumaï | ? imu, umu, ʻoma ('oven') | cooking, kitchen | Cuisine |
| 56. | Ouwhaa | ʻūhā | thigh | Cuisse |
| 57. | I roto | i loko | in, inside | Dans, dedans |
| 58. | Oura | hula | dance | Danse |
| 59. | No, o | no, o | of | De |
| 60. | Kou | kū | upright | Debout (être) |
| 61. | Wawahi | wāwahi | tear, rip | Déchirer |
| 62. | Apa | ? hape ('mistake' Maori) | fault, error | Défaut |
| 63. | Rahoui, tabou | ? rāhui (Tah.), kapu | not permitted | Défendu, non permis |
| 64. | Abobo | ʻapōpō | tomorrow | Domain |
| 65. | Nihiou | niho | tooth | Dent |
| 66. | Roua | lua | two | Deux |
| 67. | Ake, make | ake, make | desire | Désirer |
| 68. | Diro, raro | i lalo | under | Dessous |
| 69. | Nouna, rouna | i luna | above | Dessus |
| 70. | Akoua | akua | god | Dieu |
| 71. | Ourou, oumi | ʻumi | ten | Dix |
| 72. | Lehou | lehu | ten thousand | Dix mille |
| 73. | O | hō | to give | Donner |
| 74. | Omaï | hō mai | give me | Donne-moi |
| 75. | Mohe | moe | to sleep | Dormir |
| 76. | Mahi | maui ('bruise') | painful | Douloureux, pénible |
| 77. | Nolou nolou | nolunolu | soft | Doux |
| 78. | Vaï | wai | water | Eau |
| 79. | Wila | uila | lightning | Éclair |
| 80. | Rohe | lohe | to listen | Écouter |
| 81. | Mirou, akea | ___ | abode of happiness, Elysium, paradise | Élysée, paradis |
| 82. | Kaïkaï, tama | keiki, kama | child | Enfant |
| 83. | Rere | ? lele | run away, escape | Enfuir(s') |
| 84. | Rohe | lohe | to hear | Entendre |
| 85. | Po ivi | poʻohiwi | shoulder | Épaule |
| 86. | Wane | ʻuhane | spirit, natural feeling | Esprit, naturel |
| 87. | Kapa | kapa | fabric from bark of tree | Étoffe en écorce d'arbre |
| 88. | Hitou | hōkū | star | Étoile |
| 89. | Ho ori | haole | stranger, foreigner | Étranger |
| 90. | Haha | hana | to act, to do | Faire, agir |
| 91. | Wahine | wahine | female, woman | Femelle, femme |
| 92. | Ahi | ahi | fire | Feu |
| 93. | Rau | lau | leaf | Feuille |
| 94. | Kama iti | kamaiki | son | Fils |
| 95. | Pari, pa kawa | pali ('cliff'), pā ('enclosure') kaua ('war') | fortress, strong | Forteresse, fort |
| 96. | Hehena | hehena | madness | Fou |
| 97. | Teïna, touana | kaina, kuaʻana | brother | Frère |
| 98. | Anou, hokeka, toe | anu, ___, koʻe | cold | Froid |
| 99. | Ma | ___ | palm leaf | Fronde |
| 100. | Rae | lae | forehead | Front |
| 101. | Nouï | nui | big | Grand |
| 102. | Ola, oura | ola, hoʻōla | to cure | Guérir |
| 103. | Tawa | kaua ('war') / koa ('warrior') | warrior | Guerrier |
| 104. | Tohi | koʻi | ax | Hache, herminette |
| 105. | Matau, pa | makau, pā ('pearl shell fishhook') | hook | Hameçon |
| 106. | Ineineï | i nehinei | yesterday | Hier |
| 107. | Tanata, kanaka | kanaka | man | Homme |
| 108. | Narou | nalu | swell, surge | Houle |
| 109. | Varou | walu | eight | Huit |
| 110. | Iounei | i ʻaneʻi | here | Ici |
| 111. | Ouhi | uhi | yam | Igname |
| 112. | Mokou | moku | island | Ile |
| 113. | Hoho | ʻōʻō | cultivating tool | Instrument pour la culture |
| 114. | Wawaï | wāwae | leg | Jambe |
| 115. | Wau, au | wau, au | I, me | Je, moi |
| 116. | Papa ringa | pāpālina | cheek | Joue |
| 117. | Aho | ao | day | Jour |
| 118. | Terera | ? ma laila, kēlā ('that') | there | Là |
| 119. | Hou, waïa | ū, waiū | milk | Lait |
| 120. | Aie | ihe | spear | Lance, pique |
| 121. | Rerou | ʻōlelo | language | Langage |
| 122. | Ererou | elelo, alelo | tongue | Langue |
| 123. | He, ke | ke, he | the, a | Le, un |
| 124. | Tou | kū | stand up | Lever (se) |
| 125. | Moho | moʻo | lizard | Lézard |
| 126. | Noa | noa | free | Libre |
| 127. | Wahi | wahi | place | Lieu |
| 128. | Mohena, mohenga | moena | bed, sleeping mat | Lit, natte pour dormir |
| 129. | Tahiti | Kahiki | far | Loin |
| 130. | Roa | loa | long | Long, étendu |
| 131. | Ia, nana | ia, nāna ('for or by him') | him, he | Lui, il |
| 132. | Mahina, marama | mahina, malama | moon | Lune |
| 133. | Tawa | kaua | to fight against | Lutter, combattre |
| 134. | Limalima, rima | limalima, lima | hand | Main |
| 135. | Aheneï | aʻe nei ('just-(in time)') | now, present, at the moment | Maintenant |
| 136. | Hare, hale | hale | house | Maison |
| 137. | Mahi | maʻi | ill, illness | Mal, maladie |
| 138. | Mahi | maʻi | sick | Malade |
| 139. | Hou | ? waiū | breast | Mamelle |
| 140. | Haï, païna | ʻai, pāʻina | to eat | Manger |
| 141. | Apa | ? ʻapa ('to delay, waste time') | to miss, to fail, to go wrong | Manquer |
| 142. | Waï lepo | wai lepo | marsh, bog, swamp | Marais |
| 143. | Tane | kāne | husband | Mari |
| 144. | Hino | ʻino | wicked, evil, bad | Méchant, mauvais |
| 145. | Houï | hui | mixture, mingling, blending | Mélange |
| 146. | Taï, kaï miti | kai, kai miki ('receding sea') | sea | Mer |
| 147. | Modoua vahini | makuahine | mother | Mère |
| 148. | Kou, naau | koʻu, naʻu | mine, my | Mien, mon |
| 149. | Roto | loko | middle, interior | Milieu, intérieur |
| 150. | Mano | mano | thousand | Mille |
| 151. | Rahoi, dehoi | ? lahilahi | thin, slim | Mince |
| 152. | Mona | mauna | mountain | Montagne, mont |
| 153. | Mate, make | make | dead | Mort |
| 154. | Naro | nalo | fly | Mouche |
| 155. | Ono | ʻoni | movement | Mouvement |
| 156. | Para | pala | ripe, to ripen | Mûr, mûrir |
| 157. | Ou | ʻau | swim | Nager |
| 158. | Maore | maoli | native, indigenous | Natif, indigène |
| 159. | Ahou | ʻahu, ʻaʻahu | mat, matting | Natte |
| 160. | Tapa | kapa | bark mat | Natte en écorce |
| 161. | Iva | iwa | nine | Neuf (nombre) |
| 162. | Hiou | ihu | nose | Nez |
| 163. | Rana kira (vainqueur) | lanakila (conqueror) | noble, lord | Noble, seigneur |
| 164. | Ere ere, elele | ʻeleʻele | black | Noir |
| 165. | Inoa | inoa | name | Nom |
| 166. | Pito | piko | navel | Nombril |
| 167. | Aoe, aore | ʻaʻohe, ʻaʻole | no, negation | Non, négation |
| 168. | Kawa, mawa | kāua, māua | we, us (dual) | Nous (duel) |
| 169. | Kakou, matou | kākou, mākou | we (plural) | Nous (pluriel) |
| 170. | Hopoua | ʻōpua | cloud, haze, mist, gloom, shadow, (dejection) | Nuage |
| 171. | Po | pō | night, darkness | Nuit, ténèbres |
| 172. | Pouri | pouli | obscure, dark | Obscur |
| 173. | Mata, kaonohi | maka, ka ʻōnohi | eye, eyes | OEil, yeux |
| 174. | Manou | manu | bird | Oiseau |
| 175. | Marou | malu | shadow, shade | Ombre |
| 176. | Maïao | maiʻao | fingernail | Ongles (de la main) |
| 177. | Pepe ido | pepeiao | ear | Oreille |
| 178. | Ivi | iwi | bone | Os |
| 179. | Tehea | ___ hea | where? | Où? |
| 180. | Aï | ʻae | yes | Oui |
| 181. | Ohe | hoe | paddle | Pagaie |
| 182. | Pahou | pahu ('box') | palisade, fence in | Palissade |
| 183. | Naïou, nawaï | ___ | perfume, odor, scent | Parfum |
| 184. | Orero | ʻōlelo | speak | Parler |
| 185. | Ho, o | ʻō ('to answer') | particle corresponding to this | Particule répondant à c'est |
| 186. | Wahi | wahi ('place, site') | section | Partie |
| 187. | Hala | hala | to depart, to be off | Partir |
| 188. | Ouhara | ʻuala | sweet potato | Patate douce |
| 189. | Iri | ʻili | skin | Peau |
| 190. | Oure | ule | penis | Pénis |
| 191. | Modoua tane | makua kāne | father | Père |
| 192. | Ou outou, iti | ʻuʻuku | small, tiny | Petit, mince |
| 193. | Matahou | makaʻu | fear, faint hearted | Peureux, lâche |
| 194. | Paha | paha | perhaps | Peut-être |
| 195. | Wawae | wāwae | foot | Pied, patte |
| 196. | Poure | ? pali ('cliff, precipice') | rock, high, steep crag | Pierre, rocher |
| 197. | Vaha | waʻa | canoe, ship | Pirogue, navire |
| 198. | Mimi | mimi | to piss, to make water | Pisser |
| 199. | Reha | leʻa | to be pleased, to approve, accept | Plaire, agréer |
| 200. | Reha | leʻa | pleasure | Plaisir |
| 201. | Papa | papa | board, plank | Planche |
| 202. | Awe | uē | to weep, to moan | Pleurer, gémir |
| 203. | Oua | ua | rain | Pluie |
| 204. | Ourou manou | hulu manu | feather | Plume |
| 205. | Oho | oho | hair | Poils |
| 206. | Koïra | ? ʻoi | point, pointed | Pointe, pointu |
| 207. | Iha | iʻa | fish | Poisson |
| 208. | Ouma | uma | chest, breast | Poitrine |
| 209. | Ibou | ipu | pot | Pot |
| 210. | Houtou | ʻuku | louse | Pou |
| 211. | Moa | moa | hen, fowl | Poule |
| 212. | Repo | lepo | dust | Poussière |
| 213. | Hao | hao | to take, snatch, seize | Prendre, saisir |
| 214. | Tahouna, kahoune | kahuna | priest, who knows | Prêtre, qui sait |
| 215. | Poule | pule | to pray | Prier |
| 216. | Oukou | uku | price, value | Prix, valeur |
| 217. | Tabou, tafou | kapu | prohibited | Prohibé, interdit |
| 218. | Roua | lua | well, pit, shaft | Puits |
| 219. | Haa | hā | four | Quatre |
| 220. | Te tahi | kekahi | a few, someone | Quelque, quelqu'un |
| 221. | Wawahi | wāwahi ('to shatter, break') | quarrel, brawl | Querelle |
| 222. | Ape, taro | ʻape ('taro-like plant'), kalo | Arum root | Racine d'Arum |
| 223. | Ti | kī ('ti plant') | Dracaena root | Racine de Dracaena |
| 224. | Hiore | ʻiole | rat, mouse | Rat, souris |
| 225. | Miri miri | milimili | to look at | Regarder |
| 226. | Mango, mano | manō | shark | Requin |
| 227. | Ata | ʻala | to laugh | Rire |
| 228. | Kaha kaï, outa | kahakai, o uka | shore, beach | Rivage, plage |
| 229. | Wati, motou | wāhi, haki / moku | to break | Rompre, brisé |
| 230. | Oura oura | ʻulaʻula | red | Rouge |
| 231. | Ara nouï, ala | alanui, ala | road | Route |
| 232. | One | one | sand | Sable |
| 233. | Tabou | kapu | holy, inviolable | Sacré, inviolable |
| 234. | Repo | lepo | dirty, slovenly, untidy | Sal, malpropre |
| 235. | Oni | ani ('beckon') | salute, bow, cheer, to wave to , hail | Saluer |
| 236. | Koko | koko | blood | Sang |
| 237. | Ora | ola | health | Santé, salut |
| 238. | Naro | maloʻo | dry, to dry | Sec, sécher |
| 239. | Pataï | paʻakai | salt | Sel |
| 240. | Hitou | hiku | seven | Sept |
| 241. | Manaa | mana₇ ('a taboo house in a heiau') | tomb, place to receive religious objects, altar | Sépulcre |
| 242. | Ono | ono | six | Six |
| 243. | Ahai ahai | ahiahi | evening | Soir |
| 244. | Ra, la | lā | sun | Soleil (lumière du) |
| 245. | Ana, kana | āna, kāna | his | Son, sien |
| 246. | Pono | pono | sure, certain | Sûr, certain |
| 247. | Ino | ʻino | storm, hurricane | Tempête, ouragan |
| 248. | Hena, honoua | ʻāina, honua | earth, ground | Terre, terrain |
| 249. | Poho | poʻo | head | Tête |
| 250. | Hoe, kau | ʻoe, kāu ('your') | you | Toi, tu |
| 251. | Bouoa | pūʻoʻa | tomb | Tombe |
| 252. | Hetiri | hekili | thunder | Tonnerre |
| 253. | Marie | mālie | tranquil | Tranquille |
| 254. | Pouta | puka | to cross, to go over or through | Traverser |
| 255. | Torou | kolu | three | Trois |
| 256. | Pouta, bouka | puka | hole | Trou |
| 257. | Tahi, kahi | kahi | one | Un |
| 258. | Hou maï | hōʻea mai | to come | Venir |
| 259. | Matani, makani, aho | makani, ahe, aho ('breath') | wind, breeze | Vent |
| 260. | Opou | ʻōpū | belly | Ventre |
| 261. | Pono | pono | truth, true | Vérité, vrai |
| 262. | Mate | make | face, countenance | Visage, figure |
| 263. | Haï | ʻai | foodstuffs | Vivres |
| 264. | Ike, ite | ʻike | to see | Voir, aperce-voir |
| 265. | Horoua | ʻolua | you (two) | Vous (duel) |
| 266. | Oukou | ʻoukou | you (plural) | Vous (pluriel) |
| 267. | Pono | pono | true, exact | Vrai, exact |
| 268. | Hoou | hou | drill, bore, auger | Vrille, foret |
| 269. | Onohi (prunelle) | ʻōnohi | eye, look, pupil | Yeux, regard |