In 1789, Spain attempted to assert its authority over settlement and trade on the Pacific coast of North America by seizing two English vessels. Esteban José Martinez [1742-1798], second pilot on the Santiago, was directly involved in this "Nootka Controversy", and became captain of one of the seized ships, the Princess Royal, renamed the Princesa Real. He collected his vocabulary during his return voyage from Nootka Sound, explaining in his diary,This vocabulary comes from the Indian [Hawaiian] whom I have on board named José Mariano (alias) Matutaray. It is apparent in him that the natives of those islands use very few letters of the alphabet. His pronunciation is facile and they have many terms comparable to those of the language of the islands of Tahiti.The Hawaiian "Matutaray" had been taken prisoner on the other seized ship, the Argonaut, and, judging from the consistent use of t and r on the word list (rather than k and l), he probably came from Kauaʻi or Niʻihau. adapted from Albert J. Schütz, "Voices of Eden" pp. 36-37, and A. Grove Day, "An Early Hawaiian Vocabulary" |
analyzed and annotated by Edgar Knowlton
click on column heading to sort
| # | list word | modern Hawaiian | list gloss | Spanish |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Aru aru | ʻaluʻalu | body | Cuerpo |
| 2. | Y ó | ʻiʻo | flesh, meat | Carne |
| 3. | Toto | koko | blood | Sangre |
| 4. | Omoti | ___ | hat | Sombrero |
| 5. | Tepó | ke poʻo | head | Cabeza |
| 6. | Raóbojo | lauoho | hair of the head | Cabello o pelo |
| 7. | Jeray | he lae | forehead | Frente |
| 8. | Tuamata | kuʻemaka | eyebrow | Cejas |
| 9. | Riji-rigi | lihilihi | eyelash, eyelid | Pestañas |
| 10. | Onojó | ʻōnohi | eyeball | Ojos |
| 11. | Jeyju | he ihu | nose | Narices |
| 12. | Paparina | papālina | cheek | Carrillo |
| 13. | Popoyao | pepeiao | ears | Orejas |
| 14. | Reje-reje | lehelehe | lips | Labios |
| 15. | Guaja | waha | mouth | Boca |
| 16. | Nijo | niho | teeth | Dientes |
| 17. | Jetui | ke kuʻi | molar | Muelas |
| 18. | Jerero | ke lelo | tongue | Lengua |
| 19. | Aguay | ʻauwae | chin | Barba [barbila] |
| 20. | Humi-humi | ʻumiʻumi | beard | Las barbas del hombre |
| 21. | Mamatani | makuakāne | father | Padre |
| 22. | Matuagine | makuahine | mother | Madre |
| 23. | Majana | (māhana 'twins') | son | Hijo |
| 24. | Mopuna | (moʻopuna 'grandchild') | daughter | Hija |
| 25. | Tayta-hinu | kaikaina ('younger same-sex sibling') | brother | Hermano |
| 26. | Taytu-hana | kaikuaʻana ('older same-sex sibling') | sister | Hermana |
| 27. | Jejatu | he hōkū | the stars | Las estrellas |
| 28. | Jera | ke lā | the sun | El sol |
| 29. | Jeraputa | ke lā puka | the sun comes out | El sol sale |
| 30. | Jeratomo | ke lā komo ('sinks') | the sun sets | El sol se pone |
| 31. | Marcemarrma | mālamalama ('light') | day | Dia |
| 32. | Ajiajé | ahiahi ('evening') | night | La noche |
| 33. | Poere | pōʻele | dark night | Noche oscura |
| 34. | Ynéginey | i nehinei | yesterday | Ayer |
| 35. | Anó | ao ('light, day') | today | Hoy |
| 36. | Abobo | ʻapōpō | tomorrow | Mañana |
| 37. | Yuta | i uka ('to inland') | land | Tierra |
| 38. | Jetay | ke kai | the sea | La mar |
| 39. | Pupuji | pupuhi ('burn') | fire | El fuego |
| 40. | Matani | makani | wind | El viento |
| 41. | Puay | pūʻāʻī ('Adam's apple') | neck | El pescuezo |
| 42. | Pojive | poʻohiwi | shoulders | Los hombros |
| 43. | Rima-rima | limalima | arms | Los brazos |
| 44. | Tue-tue | kuʻekuʻe | elbows | Los codos |
| 45. | Peaji | peʻahi ('the open hand') | hands | Las manos |
| 46. | Taguarima | ka poho lima | the palm of the same (hands) | La palma de dicha |
| 47. | Jatua | ke kua ('back') | the back of the same (hands) | El revés de dicha |
| 48. | Nimanuy | lima nui | thumb | Dedo pulgar |
| 49. | Pirimay | (lima kuhi) | index finger | El dedo indice |
| 50. | Gua hina | (manamana) waena | middle finger | El dedo de enmedio |
| 51. | Turoto | (kūloko 'inside') | ring finger | El dedo del anillo |
| 52. | Rimayti | lima iki | little finger | El dedo pequeño |
| 53. | Mayao | maiʻao | nails | Las uñas |
| 54. | Huma-huma | umauma | chest | El pecho |
| 55. | Tuomó | kuamoʻo ('backbone, spine') | back | La espalda |
| 56. | Opú | ʻōpū | belly | La barriga |
| 57. | Huja | ʻūhā | thighs | Los muslos |
| 58. | Turi-turi | kulikuli | knees | Los rodillas |
| 59. | Oro-oro | ʻoloʻolo (wāwae 'calf of the leg') | leg | La pierna |
| 60. | Tapuay | kapuaʻi | foot | El pie |
| 61. | Taguamo | ___ | toes | Los dedos del pie |
| 62. | Tanata | kanaka | man | Hombre |
| 63. | Guajine | wahine | woman | Mujer |
| 64. | Heremature | ʻelemakule | old man | Viejo |
| 65. | Ruagine | luahine | old woman | Vieja |
| 66. | Tahiti | keiki | boy | Muchacho |
| 67. | Tahitimajine | keikimahine | girl | Muchacha |
| 68. | Papanojo | papa noho ('bench') | chair | Silla |
| 69. | Ypú | ipu ('vessel, container') | chest or trunk | Caja o baúl |
| 70. | Jamama | (hāmama 'open') | inkwell | Tintero |
| 71. | Lepo | lepo ('dirt, earth') | sandbox (for blotting ink) | Salvadera |
| 72. | Onetea | one kea ('white sand') | fine sand | Arenilla |
| 73. | Ypututuy | ipukukui | candlestick | Un candelero |
| 74. | Tutuy | kukui ('lamp') | candle | Una vela |
| 75. | Jeagi | he ahi ('fire') | the light of the candle | La luz de una vela |
| 76. | Upa | ʻupā | scissors | Unas tijeras |
| 77. | Tuy | kui | needle | Una aguja |
| 78. | Ajo | aho ('line, cord') | thread | Hilo |
| 79. | Totoy | koʻekoʻe | cold | Frio |
| 80. | Mejana | mehana ('warmth') | heat | Calor |
| 81. | Aguajia | ʻāwela | hot | Caliente |
| 82. | Jeuguaji | he uahi | smoke | El humo |
| 83. | Poay | (pōʻai 'circle') | key | Una llave |
| 84. | Jo-uhire | (hōʻuwī 'twist') | lock | Una cerradura |
| 85. | Ju-ay | huʻe ('uncover, expose, open') | open | Abre |
| 86. | Papani | papani ('shut off, block') | close | Cierra |
| 87. | Teateo | keʻokeʻo ('white') | paper | Papel |
| 88. | Jurumano | hulu manu | feather (pen) | Una pluma |
| 89. | Tuono | (kūʻono 'inside corner') | jar, pot | Una olla |
| 90. | Jepa | he pā | a plate or pan | Un plato o cazuela |
| 91. | Oti-oti | ʻokiʻoki ('cut, prune') | a carpenter's saw | Una sierra de carpintero |
| 92. | Jonoy | ___ | chisel | Un escopio |
| 93. | Toyti-pi | ___ | brush | Un cepillo |
| 94. | Amana | hāmale | hammer | Un martillo |
| 95. | Juo-ay | hue wai | gourd, water pitcher | Un bule |
| 96. | Magina | mahina | moon | La luna |
| 97. | Joata Magina | Hoaka mahina (Hoaka '2nd day of the month') | the moon rises | La luna se sale |
| 98. | Tutagi Magina | Kūkahi mahina (Kūkahi '3rd day of the month') | the moon sets | La luna se pone |
| 99. | Titoo | kīkoʻo ('chord of an arc, bent bow') | arc, bow | Arco |
| 100. | Pana | pana | arrow | Flecha |
| 101. | Rere | lele ('fly, sail through the air') | shoot an arrow | Disparar la flecha |
| 102. | Pajo | paheʻe | lance, spear | Lanza |
| 103. | Pajoa | pāhoa ('short dagger') | knife | Cuchillo |
| 104. | Paji | pahi ('knife') | folding knife, razor | Navaja |
| 105. | O-oti | ʻoʻoki | to cut | Cortar |
| 106. | O-o | ʻōʻō (' to pierce, lance, poke') | to kill or wound | Matar o herir |
| 107. | Jepu | he pū | gun or musket | Fusil o escopeta |
| 108. | Onepajú | one pahu ('sand' + 'box') | powder | Pólvora |
| 109. | Pojatu | pōhaku ('rock, stone') | bullet, canon ball | Bala |
| 110. | Tahura | kaula | string or rope | Cordel o cuerda |
| 111. | Majiori | mahiole | feather helmet | Morrión de pluma |
| 112. | Ujimay | uhi moe ('bed spread') | feather cloak | Manto de pluma |
| 113. | Aju-ura | ʻahu ʻula | feather cape | Esclavina de pluma |
| 114. | Tuy-tuy | kuʻikuʻi | give blows (to box) | Dar de golpes |
| 115. | Memeri | memele ('sing') | song | Una canción |
| 116. | Jura | hula | dance or dancing | Danza o baile |
| 117. | Jatiri | hekili | thunder | Trueno |
| 118. | Jeu-hira | he uila | lightning | Relámpago |
| 119. | Jare | hale | house | Casa |
| 120. | Piritea | ___ | bed | Cama |
| 121. | Papanani | papa ʻaina | table | Mesa |
| 122. | Ti-ji | (kihi 'outside corner') | bench | Banco |
| 123. | Nené | nēnē ('Hawaiian goose') | duck | Pato |
| 124. | Jemanu | he manu ('a bird') | a pigeon | Un palomo |
| 125. | Maya | maiʻa | plantain, banana | Plátanos |
| 126. | Tanú | (kanu 'to plant') | banana | Banana |
| 127. | Jeuji | he uhi | yam | Ñame |
| 128. | Uru | (ʻulu 'breadfruit') | ___ | Rima |
| 129. | Jeto | he kō | sweet cane (sugar cane) | Caña dulc e |
| 130. | Tamau | kāmau ('small taro or sweet potato') | ___ | El melón |
| 131. | Taro | (kalo 'taro') | watermelon | La sandía |
| 132. | Nio | niu | coconuts | Cocos |
| 133. | U-ara | ʻuala ('sweet potato') | potatoes | Papas |
| 134. | Aba | ʻawa ('kava') | any liquor | Cualquier licor |
| 135. | Tautaji | kaukahi ('canoe with a single outrigger') | canoe | Una canoa |
| 136. | Joe | hoe | paddle | El canalete |
| 137. | Tiapea | kia peʻa ('mast' + 'sail') | canoe mast | Un palo de canoa |
| 138. | Motu | moku | vessel, ship | Una embarcación |
| 139. | Oputete | ___ | the sail of a ship | La vela de navio |
| 140. | Tajuri | kahuli ('overturn, capsize') | to sink | Zozobrar |
| 141. | Jemo o | he moʻo ('a lizard') | a snake | Una culebra |
| 142. | Gu-ajie | wahie ('firewood') | wood, in general | Madera en general |
| 143. | Pojatu | pōhaku | stone | Una piedra |
| 144. | Moena | moena | any sort of mat | Un petate cualquiera |
| 145. | Pepeji | pepehi ('to kill') | a dead person | Un muerto |
| 146. | Jo-ite-ita | hōʻikeʻike ('display, exhibit') | let me see, show me | Déjame ver. |
| 147. | Aruri | ʻāluli ('incline the head') | sight | Mira |
| 148. | Naná | nānā ('see') | I see it | Lo veo |
| 149. | Aureyti | ʻaʻole ʻike | I don't see it | No lo veo |
| 150. | Taray | kālai ('to carve, cut, hew') | axe | Un hacha |
| 151. | Mú | mūʻā ('bottle-necked gourd') | flask, bottle | Un frasco |
| 152. | Ju-e-ja-ore | hue haole ('gourd, flask' + 'foreign') | small bottle, vial | Una limeta |
| 153. | Anapa | (ʻanapa 'shine, sparkle') | glass, tumbler | Un vaso |
| 154. | Tejau | ke ao | clouds | Nubes |
| 155. | Je-o-ju | he ʻohu ('fog, mist, cloud on a mountain') | snow | Nieve |
| 156. | Je-ú-a | he ua | rain | Llover |
| 157. | Jeguay | he wai | fresh water | Agua dulce |
| 158. | Guaytaji | waikahe ('stream') | any river | Cualquier rio |
| 159. | Jeya | he iʻa | fish in general | Pescado en general |
| 160. | Matao | makau | fish hook | Un anzuelo |
| 161. | Upena | ʻupena | fish net | Una red de pescar |
| 162. | Jejou | he hao ('iron, general name for metal tools') | iron nail | Un clavo de fierro |
| 163. | Jeu-jay | he uhaʻi ('covering for door opening') | door | Una puerta |
| 164. | Yputa | ʻīpuka ('door, opening in wall') | window | Ventana |
| 165. | Ay | ʻai | to eat | Comer |
| 166. | Ynu | inu | to drink | Beber |
| 167. | Pua | puaʻa | pig | Un puerco |
| 168. | Móa | moa | rooster | El gallo |
| 169. | Tinana | kīnana | hen | La gallina |
| 170. | Jejua | he hua | egg | Un huevo |
| 171. | Yrio | ʻīlio | dog | Un perro |
| 172. | Yriofine | ʻīlio wahine | female dog | Una perra |
| 173. | Tuy | ___ | what are you doing? | Qué haces |
| 174. | Jana | hana | work | Trabajar |
| 175. | Tefora | koholā | whale | Ballena |
| 176. | Aru-aru | (ʻaluʻalu 'skin, rind') | whalebone | Barba de ballena |
| 177. | Ata | ʻaka | laugh | Reir |
| 178. | Ninau | (nīnau 'ask') | what do you call this? | Cómo se llama esto |
| 179. | Manaro | (mānalo 'sweet water, tasty') | give me more | Dame más |
| 180. | Nuy nuy | nui nui | much, a lot | Mucho |
| 181. | Yti-yti | iki iki | a little | Poco |
| 182. | O-au | ʻo wau ('I') | you | Tú |
| 183. | O-oe | ʻo ʻoe ('you') | I | Yo |
| 184. | Aroja | aloha ('to love') | friend | Amigo |
| 185. | Maytay | maikaʻi | good | Bueno |
| 186. | Punipuni | punipuni ('to lie') | bad | Malo |
| 187. | Juna | (hūnā 'hide, conceal') | thief | Ladrón |
| 188. | Tuji | ___ | ruler to draw lines | Una regla de lelinear |
| 189. | Tataja | kakaha ('scratch, mark, cut') | draw a line | Tirar una línea |
| 190. | Jinu-jinu | hinuhinu ('bright, glossy, shining') | a lantern for light | Un farol para la luz |
| 191. | Jajao | (hahao 'insert, put in') | a bag, purse | Una bolsa |
| 192. | Je-aa | he ʻaʻa ('cloth') | handkerchief, scarf | Una pañuelo |
| 193. | Tuagivi | kuahiwi | mountains | Montes |
| 194. | Ra-au | lāʻau | trees | Arboles |
| 195. | Moe | moe | to sleep | Dormir |
| 196. | Rague | lawe ('take') | take this | Toma esto |
| 197. | Joaguy | hāʻawi ('give') | give it to me | Vuélvemelo |
| 198. | Nana | (nānā 'look at, see') | where to? | A dónde |
| 199. | Manu | manu | birds in general | Pájaros en general |
| 200. | Mao | ma ʻō ('over there') | on this side | De este lado |
| 201. | Mane | maʻaneʻi ('here') | on the other side | Del otro lado |
| 202. | Joroy | holoi | to wash | Lavar |
| 203. | Jeri | he aliʻi | chief or captain | Un jefe o capitán |
| 204. | Jorono | hoʻolono | hear | Oye |
| 205. | Joy-may | e hoʻi mai ('come back') | don't go away | No te vayas |
| 206. | Jeripera | hele pēlā | go away | Anda vete |
| 207. | Pimay | piʻi mai | come here | Ven acá |
| 208. | Jerenone | hele none ('go slow') | walk, go | Anda |
| 209. | Joro | holo ('fleet, fast') | quickly | Apriesa |
| 210. | Tutuní | kūkini ('runner') | run | Corre |
| 211. | Tuamaja | kaumaha | heavy | Pesado |
| 212. | Mama | māmā | light (not heavy) | Ligero |
| 213. | Jepu | hopu | catch, grab | Agarra |
| 214. | Joy-joy | hoʻihoʻi ('return, give back') | let go | Larga |
| 215. | Tiora | kiola ('throw') | throw it out | Tíralo [tírar] |
| 216. | Jajao | hahau ('to strike, hit, whip, beat') | break | Rómpelo [romper] |
| 217. | Uji | uhi ('to cover, spread over, engulf') | put in | Póntelo [poner] |
| 218. | U-eje | wehe ('open, untie, uncover') | take off | Quítatelo [quitar] |
| 219. | Tu-u | kū ('stand, erect, standing') | get up | Levántate |
| 220. | Nojo | noho | sit down | Siéntate |
| 221. | Nonoy | nonoi ('ask for something, request') | give me | Dame |
| 222. | Nonoy-ay | nonoi ʻai | feed me, give me food | Dame qué comer |
| 223. | Jey ri | he iwi | bone | Un huevo [hueso] |
| 224. | Joni | honi ('to smell, sniff') | smell or odor | Oler u olor |
| 225. | Nanajo | nanahu | bite | Morder |
| 226. | Otomo | ʻōkomo ('insert') | finger ring | El anillo del dedo |
| 227. | O-ata | ___ | any sort of shell | Una concha cualquiera |
| 228. | Mamay | mamae | pain | Un dolor |
| 229. | Eati | ʻaki ('sharp recurring pain') | sick | Enfermo |
| 230. | Tatau | kākau | write | Escribir |
| 231. | Erenure | (ʻelelū 'cockroach') | a fly | Una mosca |
| 232. | Nanupata | (nalo paka 'tick, ensign fly') | mosquito | Un mosquito |
| 233. | Aje | āhē | yes | Sí |
| 234. | Aori | ʻaʻole | no | No |
| 235. | Tereague | keleawe | copper | Cobre |
| 236. | Toymeti | koʻi meki ('iron adze') | iron | Fierro |
| 237. | Rapa-rapa | (lapa 'blade, as of a knife') | silver or white metal | Plata o metal blanco |
| 238. | Pau | pau ('finished, consumed') | I don't have | Yo no tengo |
| 239. | A-oreyte | ʻaʻole ʻike ('I don't know') | I don't understand you | No te entiendo |
| 240. | Pupú | pūpū | beads | Abalorios |
| 241. | Poctore | pōkole ('short, brief') | small | Pequeño |
| 242. | Roro-giri | ___ | large | Grande |
| 243. | Nani | nani | beautiful or precious | Bonito o precioso |
| 244. | Yna-yna | inaina ('anger, wrath, rage') | angry or brave | Corajudo o enfadado |
| 245. | Tagea | kāhea ('to call, cry out, invoke, greet') | speak | Habla |
| 246. | Gueri-gueri | kulikuli | be silent | Calla |
| 247. | Jininay | (hina moe 'to lie down to sleep') | lie down, go to bed | Acostarse |
| 248. | Ani-ani | aniani | mirror | Un espejo |
| 249. | Tau-u-hira | ___ | a cane | Un bastón de mano |
| 250. | Ata-ata | akaaka ('clear, shining, bright') | white | Blanco |
| 251. | Onena-nena | ʻōlenalena ('yellow') | green | Verde |
| 252. | Uri-uri | uliuli | blue | Azul |
| 253. | Omao-mao | ʻōmaʻomaʻo ('green') | yellow | Amarillo |
| 254. | Ura-ura | ʻulaʻula | red | Encarnado |
| 255. | Ere-ere | ʻeleʻele | black | Negro |
| 256. | Ataji | ʻakahi | one | Uno |
| 257. | Arua | ʻalua | two | Dos |
| 258. | Atoru | ʻakolu | three | Tres |
| 259. | Ajá | ʻahā | four | Cuatro |
| 260. | Arima | ʻalima | five | Cinco |
| 261. | ono | ʻaono | six | Seis |
| 262. | Ajitu | ʻahiku | seven | Siete |
| 263. | Arite | (ʻawalu) | eight | Ocho |
| 264. | Ay-ua | ʻaiwa | nine | Nueve |
| 265. | Humi | ʻumi | ten | Diez |
| 266. | Tumamataji | (ʻumi kumamākahi) | eleven | Once |
| 267. | Tumamarua | (ʻumi kumamālua) | twelve | Doce |
| 268. | Tumamakolu | (ʻumi kumamākolu) | thirteen | Trece |
| 269. | Tumamajá | (ʻumi kumamāhā) | fourteen | Catorce |
| 270. | Tumamarima | (ʻumi kumamālima) | fifteen | Quince |
| 271. | Tumamaono | (ʻumi kumamāono) | sixteen | Dieciséis |
| 272. | Tumamajitu | (ʻumi kumamāhiku) | seventeen | Diecisiete |
| 273. | Tumamarité | (ʻumi kumamāwalu) | eighteen | Dieciocho |
| 274. | Tumamay-ua | (ʻumi kumamāiwa) | nineteen | Diecinueve |
| 275. | Tumamahumi | (ʻiwakalua) | twenty | Veinte |
| 276. | Tanatahi | (ʻiwakalua kumakahi) | twenty-one | Veintiuno |
| 277. | Tanarua | (ʻiwakalua kumalua) | twenty-two | Veintidós |
| 278. | Tanatoru | (ʻiwakalua kumakolu) | twenty-three | Veintitrés |
| 279. | Tanaja | (ʻiwakalua kumahā) | twenty-four | Veinticuatro |
| 280. | Tanarima | (ʻiwakalua kumalima) | twenty-five | Veinticinco |
| 281. | Tanaono | (ʻiwakalua kumaono) | twenty-six | Veintiséis |
| 282. | Tanajitu | (ʻiwakalua kumahiku) | twenty-seven | Veintisiete |
| 283. | Tanarite | (ʻiwakalua kumawalu) | twenty-eight | Veintiocho |
| 284. | Tanayua | (ʻiwakalua kumaiwa) | twenty-eight | Veintinueve |
| 285. | Tana-humi | (kanakolu) | thirty | Treinta |
REFERENCES
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